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Citation

Yaka R, Mapelli I, Kaptan D, Do?u A, Chyleński M, Erdal OD, Koptekin D, Vural KB, Bayliss A, Mazzucato C, Fer E, ?oko?lu SS, Lagerholm VK, Krzewińska M & Karamurat C (2021) Variable kinship patterns in Neolithic Anatolia revealed by ancient genomes. Current Biology, 31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.050

Abstract
The social organization of the first fully sedentary societies that emerged during the Neolithic period in Southwest Asia remains enigmatic, mainly because material culture studies provide limited insight into this issue. However, because Neolithic Anatolian communities often buried their dead beneath domestic buildings, household composition and social structure can be studied through these human remains. Here, we describe genetic relatedness among co-burials associated with domestic buildings in Neolithic Anatolia using 59 ancient genomes, including 22 new genomes from A??kl? H?yük and ?atalh?yük. We infer pedigree relationships by simultaneously analyzing multiple types of information, including autosomal and X chromosome kinship coefficients, maternal markers, and radiocarbon dating. In two early Neolithic villages dating to the 9th and 8th millennia BCE, A??kl? H?yük and Boncuklu, we discover that siblings and parent-offspring pairings were frequent within domestic structures, which provides the first direct indication of close genetic relationships among co-burials. In contrast, in the 7th millennium BCE sites of ?atalh?yük and Barc?n, where we study subadults interred within and around houses, we find close genetic relatives to be rare. Hence, genetic relatedness may not have played a major role in the choice of burial location at these latter two sites, at least for subadults. This supports the hypothesis that in ?atalh?yük, and possibly in some other Neolithic communities, domestic structures may have served as burial location for social units incorporating biologically unrelated individuals. Our results underscore the diversity of kin structures in Neolithic communities during this important phase of sociocultural development.

Keywords
kinship; Neolithic transition; household composition; Anatolia; paleogenomics; identity by descent; intramural burial; relatedness

Notes
Additional co-authors: Hasan Can Gemici, Arda Sevkar, Nihan Dil?ad Da?ta?, Gül?ah Merve K?l?n?, Donovan Adams, Arielle R. Munters, Ekin Sa?l?can, Marco Milella, Eline M.J. Schotsmans, Erin? Yurtman, Mehmet ?etin, Sevgi Yorulmaz, N. Ezgi Alt?n???k, Ayshin Ghalichi, Anna Juras, C. Can Bilgin, Torsten Günther, Jan Stor?, Mattias Jakobsson, Maurice de Kleijn, G?khan Mustafao?lu, Andrew Fairbairn, Jessica Pearson, ?nci Togan, Nurcan Kayacan, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Clark Spencer Larsen, Ian Hodder, ?i?dem Atakuman, Marin Pilloud, Elif Sürer, Fokke Gerritsen, Rana ?zbal, Douglas Baird, Y?lmaz Selim Erdal, Güne? Duru, Mihriban ?zba?aran, Scott D. Haddow, Christopher J. Knüsel, Anders G?therstr?m, Füsun ?zer, Mehmet Somel

Journal
Current Biology: Volume 31

• Published version