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Citation

Dawson A, Brown T, Pemble C & Douglas E (2022) COVID-19 and You: Impact & Recovery Study [A literature review to inform the development of a UK specific instrument to measure COVID-19 fear]. UKRI. https://www.hagis.scot/reports

Abstract
? Ten studies reported on nine unique instruments that have been developed and published in English language to measure fear of COVID-19, from the beginning of the pandemic to April 2021?? ? Seven studies developed and validated unique new instruments for measuring COVID-19 fear, two of which used existing COVID-19 fear scales to validate the new instrument ? Instruments vary significantly in terms of?length (items) and scope (factors) ? Study quality was mixed; more detailed reporting of the methods used in the development of the scale items would have improved transparency and therefore quality ? Instruments aimed to measure various psychological states potentially related to COVID-19, including anxiety, depression, stress, cognitions, phobias, personal risk of infection, and coping behaviours ? Measures of general and COVID-specific anxiety and depression are positively correlated with COVID19 fear ? COVID-19 fear may be moderated by certain sociodemographic factors such as age and gender, and pre-existing physical and psychological health conditions ? None of the studies proposed a threshold for subclinical/clinical fear of COVID-19 in a general population sample ? The majority of identified studies developed and validated unique instruments ? The instruments included in this rapid review focus on worries and fears related to the domain of health. ? By identifying and describing key characteristics of existing COVID-19 scales we help other researchers to decide which instrument might be the most suited to their needs in future studies of the effects of COVID-19 fear?

Keywords
Ageing; Covid-19 Fear measure; survey