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Citation

MacGregor KA, Ho FK, Celis-Morales CA, Pell JP, Gallagher IJ & Moran CN (2023) Association between menstrual cycle phase and metabolites in healthy, regularly menstruating women in UK Biobank, and effect modification by inflammatory markers and risk factors for metabolic disease. BMC Medicine, 21, Art. No.: 488. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03195-w

Abstract
Background Preliminary evidence demonstrates some parameters of metabolic control, including glycaemic control, lipid control and insulin resistance, vary across the menstrual cycle. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between the menstrual cycle phase and metabolites and to explore potential mediators and moderators of these associations. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional cohort study using UK Biobank. The outcome variables were glucose; triglyceride; triglyceride to glucose index (TyG index); total, HDL and LDL cholesterol; and total to HDL cholesterol ratio. Generalised additive models (GAM) were used to investigate non-linear associations between the menstrual cycle phase and outcome variables. Anthropometric, lifestyle, fitness and inflammatory markers were explored as potential mediators and moderators of the associations between the menstrual cycle phase and outcome variables. Results Data from 8694 regularly menstruating women in UK Biobank were analysed. Non-linear associations were observed between the menstrual cycle phase and total (p?

Keywords
Glucose; Lipid; Luteal phase; Follicular phase; Metabolic control; Triglyceride

Journal
BMC Medicine: Volume 21

• Association Between Menstrual Cycle Phase And Metabolites In Healthy, Regularly Menstruating Women In UK Biobank, And Effect Modification By Inflammatory Markers And Risk Factors For Metabolic Disease