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Citation

Macdonald C, Palmateer N, McAuley A, Lindsay L, Hasan T, Hameed SS, Hall E, Jeffrey K, Grange Z, Gousias P, Mavin S, Jarvis L, Cameron JC, Daines L & Tibble H (2024) Association between antibody responses post-vaccination and severe COVID-19 outcomes in Scotland. npj Vaccines, 9, Art. No.: 107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-00898-w

Abstract
Several population-level studies have described individual clinical risk factors associated with suboptimal antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination, but none have examined multimorbidity. Others have shown that suboptimal post-vaccination responses offer reduced protection to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the level of protection from COVID-19 hospitalisation/death remains unconfirmed. We use national Scottish datasets to investigate the association between multimorbidity and testing antibody-negative, examining the correlation between antibody levels and subsequent COVID-19 hospitalisation/death among double-vaccinated individuals. We found that individuals with multimorbidity (?≥?five conditions) were more likely to test antibody-negative post-vaccination and 13.37 [6.05–29.53] times more likely to be hospitalised/die from COVID-19 than individuals without conditions. We also show a dose-dependent association between post-vaccination antibody levels and COVID-19 hospitalisation or death, with those with undetectable antibody levels at a significantly higher risk (HR 9.21 [95% CI 4.63–18.29]) of these serious outcomes compared to those with high antibody levels.

Notes
Additional authors: Colin R. Simpson, Colin McCowan, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Igor Rudan, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Lewis Ritchie, Ben Swallow, Paul Moss, Chris Robertson, Aziz Sheikh & Josie Murray

Journal
npj Vaccines: Volume 9

• MacDonald Et Al. (2024) Antibody Responses COVID-19