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Citation

Arif M, Jalal F, Jan MT, Muhammad D & Quilliam R (2015) Incorporation of biochar and legumes into the summer gap: improving productivity of cereal-based cropping systems in Pakistan. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 39 (4), pp. 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2014.996696

Abstract
Biochar can improve soil quality, increase crop production and sequester C in agricultural systems; however, this now needs critical evaluation in a sustainable agricultural context. In Pakistan, there is a gap in cereal-based wheat-maize-wheat cropping systems that lasts between 70-80 days. This "summer gap" can be used for growing short duration legume crops, which can provide valuable grain, fodder, or green manure and can provide a sustainable input of N into agricultural systems. We have used a field-based study to determine the effect of biochar application to an alkaline, nutrient poor, soil on the productivity of legume crops grown during the summer gap. Overall, biochar application (50 t ha-1) increased the productivity and yield of cowpea, mungbean and Sesbania over two cropping seasons compared to unamended non-biochar controls. The integration of biochar and legumes could be a useful strategy for improving the overall farm productivity of cereal-based cropping systems in Pakistan, by delivering a sustainable input of N to soil and providing increased yields from this additional summer gap crop.

Keywords
biological nitrogen fixation; farm productivity; legume-cereal rotation; nitrogen; soil fertility; sustainable nutrient cycling

Journal
Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems: Volume 39, Issue 4