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Citation

Penman MA (2014) Robert the Bruce: King of the Scots. London and New Haven: Yale University Press. http://yalebooks.co.uk/display.asp?K=9780300148725; https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300148725.001.0001

Abstract
Robert the Bruce (1274 - 1329) famously defeated the English at Bannockburn and became the hero king responsible for Scottish independence. In this fascinating new biography of the renowned warrior, Michael Penman focuses on Robert's kingship in the fifteen years that followed his triumphant victory and establishes Robert as not only a great military leader but a great monarch Robert faced a slow and often troubled process of legitimating his authority, restoring government, rewarding his supporters, accommodating former enemies and controlling the various regions of his kingdom, none of which was achieved overnight. Penman investigates Robert's resettlement of lands and offices, the development of Scotland's parliaments, his handling of plots to overthrow him, his relations with his family and allies, his piety and court ethos, and his conscious development of an image of kingship through the use of ceremony and symbol. In doing so, Penman repositions Robert within the context of wider European political change, religion, culture and national identity as well as recurrent crises of famine and disease.

Keywords
Scotland; Robert Bruce; Robert I; Independence; Kingship; Piety; England; Bannockburn; Parliament; Environment; Religion; Relic; Succession.

Notes
The attached pdf is a full bibliography of the primary and secondary sources used in writing this book, including unpublished archival material and with new items which have appeared since highlighted in green. I will update this listing regularly for students and teachers.