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Citation

Hardy L, Arthur CA, Jones G, Shariff A, Munnoch K, Isaacs I & Allsopp AJ (2010) The relationship between transformational leadership behaviors, psychological, and training outcomes in elite military recruits. Leadership Quarterly, 21 (1), pp. 20-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.002

Abstract
Two studies examined the effects of a differentiated model of transformational leadership on follower outcomes. In Study 1, 484 UK Royal Marine recruits completed questionnaires about their trainers' leadership behaviors and their own attitudes towards training. Training outcome was measured as successful completion of training or non-completion. Discriminant function analyses identified that fostering acceptance of group goals, inspirational motivation, appropriate role model, individual consideration, and contingent reward significantly discriminated between pass and failure. A separate discriminant function analyses revealed that the attitudinal variables of self-confidence, resilience, and satisfaction also successfully discriminated between pass and failure. Study 2 used a true experimental design to examine the effectiveness of a transformational leadership intervention. Participants were 85 experimental and 67 control recruits who completed questionnaires at weeks 5 and 15 of recruit training. Results revealed that 3 of the 5 key leadership behaviors, and all of the 3 recruit attitudinal variables measured, were significantly enhanced by the intervention.

Keywords
Transformational leadership; Military; Coaching; Leadership development

Journal
Leadership Quarterly: Volume 21, Issue 1