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Citation

Davies K (1993) Trade Barriers in East and South East Asia: The Implications for Retailers. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 3 (4), pp. 345-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969300000023

Abstract
Many countries in East and South East Asia have erected trade barriers at various times since 1945. Many retail markets have therefore been closed to outside influence and investment. In the 1990s however such measures are being reversed and markets in East and South East Asia are becoming increasingly open. This openness is both a willing embrace of outside investment and a less willing acceptance of external pressures. This paper reviews the changes taking place and concludes that those retailers taking advantage of the opportunities are faced with a variety of problems. Indeed, it would seem that the removal of international trade barriers simply leads to their replacement with more difficult domestic market policies.

Keywords
Retailing; Asia, internationalization; trade barriers; TRIMS

Journal
International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research: Volume 3, Issue 4