Preprint / Working Paper
Productivity Growth, Decoupling and Pollution Leakage
Turner K, Hanley N, Cui CX, Ha SJ, McGregor PG & Yin YP (2011) Productivity Growth, Decoupling and Pollution Leakage. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-13.
Preprint / Working Paper
Productivity Growth, Decoupling and Pollution Leakage
Turner K, Hanley N, Cui CX, Ha SJ, McGregor PG & Yin YP (2011) Productivity Growth, Decoupling and Pollution Leakage. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-13.
Preprint / Working Paper
Voluntary Programs to Encourage Diffusion: The Case of the Combined Heat-and-Power Partnership
Ferrara A & Lange I (2011) Voluntary Programs to Encourage Diffusion: The Case of the Combined Heat-and-Power Partnership. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-16.
Preprint / Working Paper
The Evils of Forced Migration: Do Integration Policies Alleviate Migrants' Economic Situations?
Falck O, Heblich S & Link S (2011) The Evils of Forced Migration: Do Integration Policies Alleviate Migrants' Economic Situations?. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-14.
Conference Paper (published)
What's in a name? Identifying and accommodating labelling effects withindiscrete choice experiments
Doherty E, Campbell D, Hynes S & van Rensburg T (2011) What's in a name? Identifying and accommodating labelling effects withindiscrete choice experiments. In: International Choice Modelling Conference 2011. Second International Choice Modelling Conference, 2011, Leeds, UK, 04.07.2011-06.07.2011. http://www.icmconference.org.uk/index.php/icmc/ICMC2011/schedConf/presentations
Article
Who’s got the aces up his sleeve? Functional specialization of cities and entrepreneurship
Audretsch DB, Falck O & Heblich S (2011) Who’s got the aces up his sleeve? Functional specialization of cities and entrepreneurship. Annals of Regional Science, 46 (3), pp. 621-636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-009-0353-0
Article
A Good Time to Stay Out? Strikes and the Business Cycle
Devereux PJ & Hart RA (2011) A Good Time to Stay Out? Strikes and the Business Cycle. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 49 (Supplement s1), pp. S70-S92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00800.x
Article
Young people and the great recession
Bell D & Blanchflower D (2011) Young people and the great recession. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 27 (2), pp. 241-267. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grr011
Article
Daly M, Delaney L, Doran P & MacLachlan M (2011) The Role of Awakening Cortisol and Psychological Distress in Diurnal Variations in Affect: A Day Reconstruction Study. Emotion, 11 (3), pp. 524-532. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022590
Article
Hynes S, Campbell D & Howley P (2011) A holistic vs. an attribute-based approach to agri-environmental policy valuation: do welfare estimates differ?. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62 (2), pp. 305-329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00287.x
Preprint / Working Paper
Bush G, Hanley N & Rondeau D (2011) Comparing opportunity cost measures of forest conservation in Uganda; implications for assessing the distributional impacts of forest management approaches. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-12.
Conference Paper (unpublished)
The Role of Nation States in the Presence of Global Environmental Problems: The Finnish Case
Kunnas J (2011) The Role of Nation States in the Presence of Global Environmental Problems: The Finnish Case. Encounters of Sea and Land: The 6th ESEH Conference, Turku, Finland, July 2011, Turku, Finland, 28.06.2011-02.07.2011.
Preprint / Working Paper
Youth Unemployment in Europe and the United States
Bell D & Blanchflower D (2011) Youth Unemployment in Europe and the United States. IZA Discussion Paper, 5673. http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/papers/viewAbstract?dp_id=5673
Preprint / Working Paper
Spot wages, job changes, and the cycle
Hart RA & Roberts JE (2011) Spot wages, job changes, and the cycle. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-11.
Preprint / Working Paper
Council Tax Proposals in the Scottish Election 2011
Bell D (2011) Council Tax Proposals in the Scottish Election 2011. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-10.
Preprint / Working Paper
Input-output analyses of the pollution content of intra- and inter-national trade flows
Cui CX, Ha SJ, Hewings G & Turner K (2011) Input-output analyses of the pollution content of intra- and inter-national trade flows. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-08.
Preprint / Working Paper
Hart RA & Roberts JE (2011) Real wage cyclicality and the Great Depression: evidence from British engineering and metal working firms. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-09.
Article
Euro Area Inflation Differentials: Unit Roots and Nonlinear Adjustment
Gregoriou A, Kontonikas A & Montagnoli A (2011) Euro Area Inflation Differentials: Unit Roots and Nonlinear Adjustment. Journal of Common Market Studies, 49 (3), pp. 525-540. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02150.x
Article
Jackson SE, Renwick DWS, Jabbour CJC & Muller-Camen M (2011) State-of-the-Art and Future Directions for Green Human Resource Management: Introduction to the Special Issue. German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, 25 (2), pp. 99-116. https://doi.org/10.1688/1862-0000_ZfP_2011_02_Jackson
Article
Boyce CJ & Wood AM (2011) Personality and the marginal utility of income: Personality interacts with increases in household income to determine life satisfaction. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 78 (1-2), pp. 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.01.004
Book Review
Panos G (2011) Effectual Entrepreneurship. Review of: Read, S., Sarasvathy, S., Dew, N., Wiltbank, R. and Ohlsson, A.-V. (2011),
Routledge, Abingdon, UK, 228pp. ISBN 978-0-415-58643-6. Journal of General Management, 36 (3), pp. 96-102. http://www.braybrooke.co.uk/tabid/99/Default.aspx?articleId=241
Preprint / Working Paper
How responsible is a region for its carbon emissions? An integrated input-output and CGE analysis
Turner K, Munday M, McGregor PG & Swales JK (2011) How responsible is a region for its carbon emissions? An integrated input-output and CGE analysis. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-06.
Article
Grenet J, Hart RA & Roberts JE (2011) Above and beyond the call. Long-term real earnings effects of British male military conscription in the post-war years. Labour Economics, 18 (2), pp. 194-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2010.09.001
Preprint / Working Paper
The Crisis, Policy Reactions and Attitudes to Globalization and Jobs
Bell D & Blanchflower D (2011) The Crisis, Policy Reactions and Attitudes to Globalization and Jobs. IZA Discussion Paper, 5680. http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/papers/viewAbstract?dp_id=5680
Article
Incumbent innovation and domestic entry
Falck O, Heblich S & Kipar S (2011) Incumbent innovation and domestic entry. Small Business Economics, 36 (3), pp. 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9219-1
Article
Osgathorpe L, Park K, Goulson D, Acs S & Hanley N (2011) The trade-off between agriculture and biodiversity in marginal areas: Can crofting and bumblebee conservation be reconciled?. Ecological Economics, 70 (6), pp. 1162-1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.01.010
Preprint / Working Paper
An integrated IO and CGE approach to analysing changes in environmental trade balances
Turner K, Gilmartin M, McGregor PG & Swales JK (2011) An integrated IO and CGE approach to analysing changes in environmental trade balances. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-04.
Article
Constructing genuine savings indicators for Ireland, 1995-2005
Ferreira S & Moro M (2011) Constructing genuine savings indicators for Ireland, 1995-2005. Journal of Environmental Management, 92 (3), pp. 542-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.015
Article
Cognition, market sentiment and financial instability
Dow S (2011) Cognition, market sentiment and financial instability. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35 (2), pp. 233-249. http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/2/233; https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/beq029
Preprint / Working Paper
Technological Advance in Cooling Systems at U.S. Power Plants
Bellas AS, Finney D & Lange I (2011) Technological Advance in Cooling Systems at U.S. Power Plants. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-05.
Research Report
Research on broadband and business in Scotland: A report to the Scottish Government
Eiser D (2011) Research on broadband and business in Scotland: A report to the Scottish Government. Scottish Government - Enterprise, Environment & Digital - Business. Scottish Government. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/02/23091236/0
Article
International Happiness: A New View on the Measure of Performance
Blanchflower D & Oswald AJ (2011) International Happiness: A New View on the Measure of Performance. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25 (1), pp. 6-22.
Preprint / Working Paper
Torres C, Hanley N & Colombo S (2011) Incorrectly accounting for taste heterogeneity in choice experiments: Does it really matter for welfare measurement?. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-02.
Preprint / Working Paper
How Does the Institutional Setting for Creditor Rights Affect Bank Lending and Risk-Taking?
Zhao T, Murinde V & Mlambo K (2011) How Does the Institutional Setting for Creditor Rights Affect Bank Lending and Risk-Taking?. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-03.
Preprint / Working Paper
Dialects, Cultural Identity, and Economic Exchange
Falck O, Heblich S, Lameli A & Sudekum J (2011) Dialects, Cultural Identity, and Economic Exchange. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2011-01.
Article
Entrepreneurship in post-conflict transition
Demirguc-Kunt A, Klapper L & Panos G (2011) Entrepreneurship in post-conflict transition. Economics of Transition, 19 (1), pp. 27-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2010.00398.x
Article
Allan G, Gilmartin M, McGregor PG & Swales JK (2011) Levelised costs of Wave and Tidal energy in the UK: Cost competitiveness and the importance of "banded" Renewables Obligation Certificates. Energy Policy, 39 (1), pp. 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.029
Article
From Angela's ashes to the Celtic tiger: early life conditions and adult health in Ireland
Delaney L, McGovern M & Smith JP (2011) From Angela's ashes to the Celtic tiger: early life conditions and adult health in Ireland. Journal of Health Economics, 30 (1), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.10.002
Article
Underemployment in the UK in the Great Recession
Bell D & Blanchflower D (2011) Underemployment in the UK in the Great Recession. National Institute Economic Review, 215 (1), pp. R23-R33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0027950111401141
Article
Best practices of human resource management at Brazil's top universities: Case studies
Freitas WRdS, Jabbour CJC & De Castro R (2011) Best practices of human resource management at Brazil's top universities: Case studies. European Journal of Scientific Research, 48 (4), pp. 719-733. http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com/ejsr_issues.html
Article
Managing environmental training in organizations: Theoretical review and proposal of a model
Jabbour CJC, Teixeira AA, de Oliveira JHC & Soubihia DF (2010) Managing environmental training in organizations: Theoretical review and proposal of a model. Management of Environmental Quality, 21 (6), pp. 830-844. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777831011077673
Article
Greening of business schools: A systemic view
Jabbour CJC (2010) Greening of business schools: A systemic view. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 11 (1), pp. 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676371011010048
Article
Jabbour CJC, Santos FCA & Seido Nagano M (2010) Contributions of HRM throughout the stages of environmental management: methodological triangulation applied to companies in Brazil. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21 (7), pp. 1049-1089. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585191003783512
Book Chapter
The Psychology of Financial Markets: Keynes, Minsky and Emotional Finance
Dow S (2010) The Psychology of Financial Markets: Keynes, Minsky and Emotional Finance. In: Papadimitriou D & Wray L (eds.) The Elgar Companion to Hyman Minsky. Elgar original reference. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 246-262. http://www.e-elgar.com/bookentry_main.lasso?id=13122
Book Chapter
Smith’s Philosophy and Economic Methodology
Dow S (2010) Smith’s Philosophy and Economic Methodology. In: Young J (ed.) Elgar Companion to Adam Smith. Elgar original reference. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 100-111. http://www.e-elgar.com/bookentry_main.lasso?id=3586
Article
Psikhologiya finansovykh rynkov: Keynes, Minski i povedencheskiye finansy
Dow S (2010) Psikhologiya finansovykh rynkov: Keynes, Minski i povedencheskiye finansy [Psychology of Financial Markets: Keynes, Minsky and Emotional Finance]. Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2010 (1), pp. 99-113.
Article
Disability, welfare and labour force participation of older workers in Europe
Bell D & McVicar D (2010) Disability, welfare and labour force participation of older workers in Europe. Twenty-First Century Society, 5 (3), pp. 261-277. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=yv4JPVwI&eid=2-s2.0-78149254354&md5=babe30dc90f604bfea24242d0e080873; https://doi.org/10.1080/17450144.2010.480830
Article
Forced to be Rich? Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Britain
Devereux PJ & Hart RA (2010) Forced to be Rich? Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Britain. Economic Journal, 120 (549), pp. 1345-1364. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=yv4JPVwI&eid=2-s2.0-78649423713&md5=4a3d218e8e6ac6a79239922e8f6792a8; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02365.x
Article
Social capital access and entrepreneurship
Bauernschuster S, Falck O & Heblich S (2010) Social capital access and entrepreneurship. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 76 (3), pp. 821-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.09.014
Book Chapter
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Creation of Shareholder Value
Heblich S (2010) Corporate Social Responsibility in the Creation of Shareholder Value. In: Aras G & Crowther D (eds.) A Handbook of Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility. First ed. Corporate Social Responsibility Series. Farnham, UK: Gower, pp. 489-508.
Book Chapter
Corporate Social Responsibility: Eine win-win Strategie für Unternehmen und Regionen
Heblich S & Gold R (2010) Corporate Social Responsibility: Eine win-win Strategie für Unternehmen und Regionen. In: Pechlaner H & Bachinger M (eds.) Lebensqualit?t und Standortattraktivit?t: Kultur, Mobilit?t und regionale Marken als Erfolgfaktoren. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, pp. 333-358. http://www.econbiz.de/en/search/detailed-view/doc/all/corporate-social-responsibility-eine-win-win-strategie-f%C3%BCr-unternehmen-und-regionen-heblich-stephan/10003961755/?no_cache=1
Authored Book
The Economics of Non-Wage Labour Costs
Hart RA (2010) The Economics of Non-Wage Labour Costs. Reprinted edition ed. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis (Routledge). http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/html/moreinfo.asp?bookid=536979929
Authored Book
Hart RA (2010) Working Time and Employment. Reprint edition ed. London, UK: Taylor & Francis (Routledge). http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/html/moreinfo.asp?bookid=536979930
Article
Walshe C, Boner K, Bourke J, Hone R, Lynch M, Delaney L & Phelan D (2010) Catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) in TPN patients: Benefit of an educational programme and multimodal expression of CRBSI incidence. Clinical Governance, 15 (4), pp. 292-301. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777271011084064
Article
Public perceptions of the dioxin incident in Irish pork
Kennedy J, Delaney L, Hudson E, McGloin A & Wall P (2010) Public perceptions of the dioxin incident in Irish pork. Journal of Risk Research, 13 (7), pp. 937-949. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669871003782769
Article
Lisenkova K, McGregor PG, Pappas N, Swales JK, Turner K & Wright RE (2010) Scotland the Grey: A Linked Demographic-Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis of the Impact of Population Ageing and Decline. Regional Studies, 44 (10), pp. 1351-1368. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701654228
Book Chapter
Campbell D, Hess S, Scarpa R & Rose JM (2010) Accommodating coefficient outliers in discrete choice modelling: a comparison of discrete and continuous mixing approaches. In: Hess S & Daly A (eds.) Choice Modelling: The State-of-the-art and the State-of-practice - Proceedings from the Inaugural International Choice Modelling Conference. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing, pp. 331-352. http://books.emeraldinsight.com/display.asp?K=9781849507721
Preprint / Working Paper
Energy Efficiency, Rebound Effects and the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Turner K & Hanley N (2010) Energy Efficiency, Rebound Effects and the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-17.
Preprint / Working Paper
An investigation of issues relating to where energy should enter the production function
Lecca P, Swales JK & Turner K (2010) An investigation of issues relating to where energy should enter the production function. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-18.
Preprint / Working Paper
Turner K, De Fence J, McGregor PG, Munday M & Swales JK (2010) Incorporating jurisdiction issues into an analysis of carbon attributable to Welsh final consumption under different economic conditions: an integrated IO and CGE analysis. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-16.
Preprint / Working Paper
Ha SJ, Turner K, Hewings G, McGregor PG & Swales JK (2010) Econometric estimation of Armington import elasticities and their system-wide impact in a regional CGE model of the Illinois economy. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-19.
Preprint / Working Paper
Tinch D, Colombo S & Hanley N (2010) Differences between Decision and Experienced Utility: An Investigation using the Choice Experiment method. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-13.
Preprint / Working Paper
Torres C, Hanley N & Riera A (2010) How wrong can you be? Implications of incorrect utility function specification for welfare measurement in choice experiments. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-12.
Preprint / Working Paper
Likely Impacts of Future Agricultural Change on Upland Farming and Biodiversity
Hanley N, Acs S, Dallimer M, Gaston KJ, Graves A, Morris J & Armsworth PR (2010) Likely Impacts of Future Agricultural Change on Upland Farming and Biodiversity. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-14.
Preprint / Working Paper
Why a diversified portfolio should include African assets
Alagidede P, Panagiotidis T & Zhang X (2010) Why a diversified portfolio should include African assets. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-15.
Article
Carbon trading thickness and market efficiency
Montagnoli A & de Vries F (2010) Carbon trading thickness and market efficiency. Energy Economics, 32 (6), pp. 1331-1336. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01409883; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2010.04.001
Article
Fullerton AH, Steel EA, Lange I & Caras Y (2010) Effects of Spatial Pattern and Economic Uncertainties on Freshwater Habitat Restoration Planning: A Simulation Exercise. Restoration Ecology, 18 (Supplement 2), pp. 354-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00620.x
Article
Industrial innovation: Direct evidence from a cluster-oriented policy
Falck O, Heblich S & Kipar S (2010) Industrial innovation: Direct evidence from a cluster-oriented policy. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 40 (6), pp. 574-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2010.03.007
Article
Rutherford AC (2010) Get by with a little help from my friends: A recent history of charitable organisations in economic theory. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 17 (4), pp. 1031-1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/09672560903434489
Article
Field-level bird abundances are enhanced by landscape-scale agri-environment scheme uptake
Dallimer M, Gaston KJ, Skinner AMJ, Hanley N, Acs S & Armsworth PR (2010) Field-level bird abundances are enhanced by landscape-scale agri-environment scheme uptake. Biology Letters, 6 (5), pp. 643-646. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0228
Article
UK unemployment in the great recession
Bell D & Blanchflower D (2010) UK unemployment in the great recession. National Institute Economic Review, 214 (1), pp. R3-R25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0027950110389755
Article
Technological Progress in Particulate Removal Equipment at U.S. Coal Burning Power Plants
Bellas AS & Lange I (2010) Technological Progress in Particulate Removal Equipment at U.S. Coal Burning Power Plants. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 38 (2), pp. 180-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11149-010-9117-0
Preprint / Working Paper
Persistence of Inflationary shocks: Implications for West African Monetary Union Membership
Alagidede P, Coleman S & Cuestas JC (2010) Persistence of Inflationary shocks: Implications for West African Monetary Union Membership. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-11.
Article
Boyce CJ & Wood AM (2010) Money or mental health: The cost of alleviating psychological distress with monetary compensation versus psychological therapy. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 5 (4), pp. 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744133109990326
Preprint / Working Paper
Real wages, working time, and the Great Depression
Hart RA & Roberts JE (2010) Real wages, working time, and the Great Depression. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-09.
Preprint / Working Paper
Grenet J, Hart RA & Roberts JE (2010) Above and beyond the call. Long-term real earnings effects of British male military conscription in the post-war years. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-08.
Article
Boyce CJ, Wood AM & Brown GDA (2010) The dark side of conscientiousness: Conscientious people experience greater drops in life satisfaction following unemployment. Journal of Research in Personality, 44 (4), pp. 535-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.05.001
Article
Jabbour CJC (2010) Non-linear pathways of corporate environmental management: A survey of ISO 14001-certified companies in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18 (12), pp. 1222-1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.03.012
Article
Warner G, Blum JM, Jones S, Lambert P, Turner KJ, Tan KLL, Dawson A & Bell D (2010) A Social Science Data Fusion Tool and the Data Management through e-Social Science (DAMES) Infrastructure. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 368 (1925), pp. 3859-3873. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0159
Conference Paper (unpublished)
Does History Offer Hope that We Can Reduce the Risk of Global Warming?
Kunnas J (2010) Does History Offer Hope that We Can Reduce the Risk of Global Warming?. Reusing the Industrial Past: First joint conference of ICOHTEC, TICCIH, and Worklab, Tampere, Finland, 10.08.2010-15.08.2010. http://www.tampere.fi/industrialpast2010/reusing_abstracts.pdf
Article
The effects of rent seeking over tradable pollution permits
Hanley N & Mackenzie IA (2010) The effects of rent seeking over tradable pollution permits. BE Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 10 (1 (Article 56)). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.2497
Article
On the use of subjective well-being data for environmental valuation
Ferreira S & Moro M (2010) On the use of subjective well-being data for environmental valuation. Environmental and Resource Economics, 46 (3), pp. 249-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-009-9339-8
Article
Hynes S, Hanley N & O'Donoghue C (2010) A combinatorial optimization approach to nonmarket environmental benefit aggregation via simulated populations. Land Economics, 86 (2), pp. 345-362. https://doi.org/10.3368/le.86.2.345