Article
Trees out‐forage understorey shrubs for nitrogen patches in a subarctic mountain birch forest
Friggens NL, Hartley IP, Parker TC, Subke J & Wookey PA (2023) Trees out‐forage understorey shrubs for nitrogen patches in a subarctic mountain birch forest. Oikos, 2023 (4). https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.09567
Article
Feudal Law and the Unionist Writings of Thomas Craig
Dodd L (2023) Feudal Law and the Unionist Writings of Thomas Craig. Scottish Historical Review, 102 (1), pp. 34-66. https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2023.0588
Article
Agency and the limits of responsibility: co management of technology enabled care in supported housing.
Serpa R, Rolfe S, Gibson G, Lawrence J & McCall V (2023) Agency and the limits of responsibility: co management of technology enabled care in supported housing.. Social Sciences, 12 (4), Art. No.: 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12040248
Article
Forest total and component biomass retrieval via GA-SVR algorithm and quad-polarimetric SAR data
Shi J, Zhang W, Marino A, Zeng P, Ji Y, Zhao H, Huang G & Wang M (2023) Forest total and component biomass retrieval via GA-SVR algorithm and quad-polarimetric SAR data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 118, Art. No.: 103275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103275
Article
Antimicrobial action of chromatin extracellular traps released by neutrophils of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
Van AP, Bron JE & Desbois AP (2023) Antimicrobial action of chromatin extracellular traps released by neutrophils of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 135, Art. No.: 108657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108657
Article
Ecological carrying capacity in mariculture: Consideration and application in geographic strategies and policy
Fisher J, Angel D, Callier M, Cheney D, Filgueira R, Hudson B, McKindsey CW, Milke L, Moore H, O’Beirn F, O’Carroll J, Rabe B, Telfer T & Byron CJ (2023) Ecological carrying capacity in mariculture: Consideration and application in geographic strategies and policy. Marine Policy, 150, Art. No.: 105516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105516
Article
Identification of potentially zoonotic parasites in captive orangutans and semi‐captive mandrills: Phylogeny and morphological comparison
Nosková E, Modr? D, Balá? V, ?ervená B, Jirk?‐Pomajbíková K, Zechmeisterová K, Leowski C, Petr?elková KJ, P?enková I, Vodi?ka R, Kessler SE, Ngoubangoye B, Setchell JM & Paf?o B (2023) Identification of potentially zoonotic parasites in captive orangutans and semi‐captive mandrills: Phylogeny and morphological comparison. American Journal of Primatology, 85 (4), Art. No.: e23475. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23475
Article
Persistence of E. coli in Streambed Sediment Contaminated with Faeces from Dairy Cows, Geese, and Deer: Legacy Risks to Environment and Health
Afolabi EO, Quilliam RS & Oliver DM (2023) Persistence of E. coli in Streambed Sediment Contaminated with Faeces from Dairy Cows, Geese, and Deer: Legacy Risks to Environment and Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (7), Art. No.: 5375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075375
Article
Ocean acidification, warming and feeding impacts on biomineralization pathways and shell material properties of Magallana gigas and Mytilus spp.
Mele I, McGill RA, Thompson J, Fennell J & Fitzer S (2023) Ocean acidification, warming and feeding impacts on biomineralization pathways and shell material properties of Magallana gigas and Mytilus spp.. Marine Environmental Research, 186, Art. No.: 105925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105925
Article
Supporting employees with mental illness and reducing mental illness-related stigma in the workplace:?an expert survey
Hogg B, Moreno-Alcázar A, Tóth MD, Serbanescu I, Aust B, Leduc C, Paterson C, Tsantilla F, Abdulla K, Cerga-Pashoja A, Cresswell-Smith J, Fanaj N, Meksi A, Maxwell M & MENTUPP consortium members (2023) Supporting employees with mental illness and reducing mental illness-related stigma in the workplace:?an expert survey. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 273 (3), pp. 739-753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-022-01443-3
Research Report
How common is low pay in Britain and is it declining?
Forth J, Bryson A, Phan V, Ritchie F, Singleton C, Stokes L & Whittard D (2023) How common is low pay in Britain and is it declining?. Administrative Data Research UK. Data Insights. Swindon. https://www.adruk.org/news-publications/publications-reports/data-insight-how-common-is-low-pay-in-britain-and-is-it-declining/
Other
The State of Data: Reflections on Using 'BIG' and Administrative Data Sources in Social Research
Hunter S & Shapira M (2023) The State of Data: Reflections on Using 'BIG' and Administrative Data Sources in Social Research. Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University, 13 (2), Art. No.: 36. https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU%3AF/2022.13.2.028
Article
The first year in formal schooling improves working memory and academic abilities
Davidson C, Shing YL, McKay C, Rafetseder E & Wijeakumar S (2023) The first year in formal schooling improves working memory and academic abilities. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 60, p. 101205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101205
Article
Circadian rhythm of preferred temperature in fish: Behavioural thermoregulation linked to daily photocycles in zebrafish and Nile tilapia
Vera LM, de Alba G, Santos S, Szewczyk TM, Mackenzie SA, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ & Rey-Planellas S (2023) Circadian rhythm of preferred temperature in fish: Behavioural thermoregulation linked to daily photocycles in zebrafish and Nile tilapia. Journal of Thermal Biology, 113, Art. No.: 103544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103544
Article
Diverse agricultural landscapes increase bat activity and diversity: Implications for biological pest control
Tortosa A, Giffard B, Barbaro L, Froidevaux JSP, Ladet S, Delhommel J & Vialatte A (2023) Diverse agricultural landscapes increase bat activity and diversity: Implications for biological pest control. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 345, Art. No.: 108318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108318
Article
CEO power and CSR?linked compensation for corporate environmental responsibility: UK evidence
Al-Shaer H, Albitar K & Liu J (2023) CEO power and CSR?linked compensation for corporate environmental responsibility: UK evidence. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 60, pp. 1025-1063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-022-01118-z
Article
Anatomy of the bi-gradational contourite sequence: Case study from the Gulf of Cadiz
Stow D, Smillie Z, Wilkin J, Pan J, Esegbue O, Bahr A & Ducassou E (2023) Anatomy of the bi-gradational contourite sequence: Case study from the Gulf of Cadiz. Marine Geology, 458, Art. No.: 107026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2023.107026
Article
The (R) evolution of the social entrepreneurship concept: a critical historical review
Teasdale S, Bellazzecca E, de Bruin A & Roy MJ (2023) The (R) evolution of the social entrepreneurship concept: a critical historical review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52 (1), pp. 212S-240S.
Article
“We're socialists not nationalists”: British labour and the national question(s)
Brown Swan C (2023) “We're socialists not nationalists”: British labour and the national question(s). Nations and Nationalism, 29 (2), pp. 467-481. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12868
Article
Do Artificial Neural Networks Provide Improved Volatility Forecasts: Evidence from Asian Markets
McMillan D, Kambouroudis D & Sahiner M (2023) Do Artificial Neural Networks Provide Improved Volatility Forecasts: Evidence from Asian Markets. Journal of Economics and Finance.
Book Chapter
Predicting the Infection Level of Covid-19 Virus using Normal Distribution Based Approximation Model and PSO
Wazir S, Kashyap GS, Malik K & Brownlee A (2023) Predicting the Infection Level of Covid-19 Virus using Normal Distribution Based Approximation Model and PSO. In: Mathematical Modeling and Intelligent Control for Combating Pandemics. Springer.
Article
Understanding nuance and ambivalence in intergenerational relationships through fiction
French JE, Lovatt M & Wright V (2023) Understanding nuance and ambivalence in intergenerational relationships through fiction. The Gerontologist. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnad051
Article
Exploring interventions to address unhealthy commodity industry influence on policy
Bertscher A, Matthes B, Gilmore A, Bondy K, Bloomfield M, Nobles J, Akker A, Dance S & Zatoński M (2023) Exploring interventions to address unhealthy commodity industry influence on policy. Population Medicine, 5 (Supplement). https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/165175
Article
Aboveground Biomass Retrieval in Tropical and Boreal Forests Using L-Band Airborne Polarimetric Observations
Wang M, Zhang W, Ji Y, Marino A, Xu K, Zhao L, Shi J & Zhao H (2023) Aboveground Biomass Retrieval in Tropical and Boreal Forests Using L-Band Airborne Polarimetric Observations. Forests, 14 (5), p. 887. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14050887
Article
Promoting an inclusive approach to assessing and managing chronic wounds
Smith F & Sharp A (2023) Promoting an inclusive approach to assessing and managing chronic wounds. Primary Health Care. https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2023.e1797
Review
Co-occurring Chronic Pain And Primary Psychological Disorder - a Scoping Review
Bateman S, Caes L, Eccleston C, Noel M & Jordan A (2023) Co-occurring Chronic Pain And Primary Psychological Disorder - a Scoping Review. Paediatric and Neonatal Pain.
Commentary
Entrevista con Raquel De Pedro Ricoy, catedrática de Traducción e Interpretación en la Universidad de Stirling
de Pedro Ricoy R & Valero Garcés C (2023) Entrevista con Raquel De Pedro Ricoy, catedrática de Traducción e Interpretación en la Universidad de Stirling [Interview with Raquel de Pedro Ricoy, Full Professor of Translation and Interpreting at the 我要吃瓜]. Villoslada Sánchez A (Translator) FITISPos International Journal, 10 (1), pp. 143-147. https://fitisposij.web.uah.es/OJS/index.php/fitispos/article/view/359
Article
David Hume on history, development and happiness: interconnections
Dow S (2023) David Hume on history, development and happiness: interconnections. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought. https://doi.org/10.1080/09672567.2023.2202921
Article
Agency and the Limits of Responsibility: Co-Management of Technology-Enabled Care in Supported Housing
Serpa RC, Rolfe S, Gibson G, Lawrence J & McCall V (2023) Agency and the Limits of Responsibility: Co-Management of Technology-Enabled Care in Supported Housing. Social Sciences, 12 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12040248
Article
Postcancer treatment support programme: an evaluation
Murray C, Makinson J, Brown L & Allan J (2023) Postcancer treatment support programme: an evaluation. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. https://doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2023-004188
Article
Understanding the developmental experiences of high-performance coaches in Northern Ireland: A collective case study from an ecological perspective
Cooke M, Allen J & Paradis KF (2023) Understanding the developmental experiences of high-performance coaches in Northern Ireland: A collective case study from an ecological perspective. Sports Coaching Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2023.2203029
Article
The role of teacher educator virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) in mobilising policy engagement: A case study of the initial teacher training market review from England
Murtagh L & Rushton EA (2023) The role of teacher educator virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) in mobilising policy engagement: A case study of the initial teacher training market review from England. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866x.2023.2191306
Website Content
Weaving a ‘green thread’ of climate change education: Primary and secondary school teachers’ current practice
Rushton E, Dunlop L & Atkinson L (2023) Weaving a ‘green thread’ of climate change education: Primary and secondary school teachers’ current practice. BERA Blog [Blog post] 17.04.2023. https://www.bera.ac.uk/blog/weaving-a-green-thread-of-climate-change-education-primary-and-secondary-school-teachers-current-practice
Presentation / Talk
The Future Governance of Surveillance Cameras: A Gap Analysis Reflecting on Provisions in the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill
Webster W & Fussey P (2023) The Future Governance of Surveillance Cameras: A Gap Analysis Reflecting on Provisions in the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill. ICDDF 2023 (Digital Video Experts Group & National Police Chief's Council CCTV Conference), Heathrow, 17.04.2023-19.04.2023.
Article
From the environment into the biomass: microplastic uptake in a protected lamprey species
Rendell-Bhatti F, Bull C, Cross R, Cox R, Adediran GA & Lahive E (2023) From the environment into the biomass: microplastic uptake in a protected lamprey species. Environmental Pollution, 323, Art. No.: 121267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121267
Video
Group Dynamics and Interplay in UN Disarmament Forums
Dee M (2023) Group Dynamics and Interplay in UN Disarmament Forums. Faculti [Video interview] 14.04.2023. https://faculti.net/group-dynamics-and-interplay-in-un-disarmament-forums/
Newspaper / Magazine
We asked Sikh men in Britain what the turban means to them – here’s what they told us
Moufahim M & Bhogal-Nair A (2023) We asked Sikh men in Britain what the turban means to them – here’s what they told us. The Conversation. 14.04.2023.
Article
Deciphering Article 17 of the Digital Copyright Directive and its compatibility with freedom of expression and information following case C-401/19
Krokida Z (2023) Deciphering Article 17 of the Digital Copyright Directive and its compatibility with freedom of expression and information following case C-401/19. European Law Review.
Website Content
Hugh McIlvanney
Haynes R (2023) Hugh McIlvanney. Oxford Dictionary for National Biography [Website] 13.04.2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380905
Article
Salivary Amylase Gene (AMY1) Copy Number Variation Has Only Minor Correlation with Body Composition in Chinese Adults
Zhang X, Moran C, Wang R, Zhou Y & Brooks N (2023) Salivary Amylase Gene (AMY1) Copy Number Variation Has Only Minor Correlation with Body Composition in Chinese Adults. Genes and Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-023-01381-x
Other
Evolutionary Computation and Explainable AI: a year in review
Bacardit J, Brownlee A, Cagnoni S, Iacca G, McCall J & Walker D (2023) Evolutionary Computation and Explainable AI: a year in review. EvoStar, Brno, Czech Republic (hybrid), 12.04.2023-14.04.2023.
Conference Paper (unpublished)
Step by Step and all Together? Disability, Disruption and Challenging Narratives of Vulnerability in the Compounding Crisis Context
Connon I (2023) Step by Step and all Together? Disability, Disruption and Challenging Narratives of Vulnerability in the Compounding Crisis Context. Association of Social Anthropologists 2023 Conference, London, UK, 11.04.2023-14.04.2023.
Article
Dangerous care: developing theory to safeguard older adults in caring relationships in the UK
Sherwood-Johnson F, Rummery K, Lawrence J, Mackay K, Ramsay K & McGregor R (2023) Dangerous care: developing theory to safeguard older adults in caring relationships in the UK. Journal of Adult Protection. https://doi.org/10.1108/jap-10-2022-0023
Article
Reflecting on Climate Change Education Priorities in Secondary Schools in England: Moving beyond Learning about Climate Change to the Emotions of Living with Climate Change
Rushton EAC, Sharp S, Kitson A & Walshe N (2023) Reflecting on Climate Change Education Priorities in Secondary Schools in England: Moving beyond Learning about Climate Change to the Emotions of Living with Climate Change. Sustainability, 15 (8), p. 6497. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086497
Article
Bridging time: negotiating serious leisure in intimate couple relationships
Punch S & Snellgrove M (2023) Bridging time: negotiating serious leisure in intimate couple relationships. Annals of Leisure Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2023.2197243
Research Report
The Second ICES/NASCO Workshop on Salmon Mortality at Sea (WKSalmon2; outputs from 2022 meeting)
Banas N, Bean C, Bolstad GH, Bull C, Campbell A, Dauphin G, de Eyto E, Diack G, Elliott S, Gregory S, Head E, Johns D, Kavanagh A & McGinnity P (2023) The Second ICES/NASCO Workshop on Salmon Mortality at Sea (WKSalmon2; outputs from 2022 meeting). Bill C (Editor) & Nolan G (Editor) International Council For The Exploration of the Seas (ICES) ICES Scientific Reports, 5:36. Copenhagen. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.22560790
Article
The InflateSAR Campaign: Developing Refugee Vessel Detection Capabilities with Polarimetric SAR
Lanz P, Marino A, Simpson MD, Brinkhoff T, K?ster F & M?ller M (2023) The InflateSAR Campaign: Developing Refugee Vessel Detection Capabilities with Polarimetric SAR. Remote Sensing, 15 (8). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082008
Article
Moving Beyond "Spoon" Tasks: The Emergence of Self-Directed Episodic Future Thinking
Atance CM, Ayson G & Martin-Ordas G (2023) Moving Beyond "Spoon" Tasks: The Emergence of Self-Directed Episodic Future Thinking. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1646
Article
Between role adaptation and contestation: the UK’s status as a nuclear weapon state after Brexit
Dee M & Kienzle B (2023) Between role adaptation and contestation: the UK’s status as a nuclear weapon state after Brexit. International Politics. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-023-00463-7
Commentary
Researching the sacred: a conversation with Samuelson Appau, Russ Belk and Diego Rinallo
Moufahim M, Rodner V, El Jurdi H, Appau S, Belk R & Rinallo D (2023) Researching the sacred: a conversation with Samuelson Appau, Russ Belk and Diego Rinallo. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 26 (2). https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-02-2023-0016
Editorial
Guest editorial: Sacred journeys: moving in, out and around sacred spaces
Moufahim M, Rodner V & El Jurdi H (2023) Guest editorial: Sacred journeys: moving in, out and around sacred spaces. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 26 (2), pp. 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/qmr-02-2023-199
Letter
Comparing unequal volumes of HIIT and MICT does not introduce bias
Vollaard NB, Metcalfe RS & Astorino TA (2023) Comparing unequal volumes of HIIT and MICT does not introduce bias. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.007
Newspaper / Magazine
Why you should care about recent bumper bank profits
Webb R (2023) Why you should care about recent bumper bank profits. The Conversation. 05.04.2023.
Article
A new avenue in the search for CP violation: M?ssbauer spectroscopy of 227Ac
Scheck M, Chapman R, Dobaczewski J, Ederer C, Ivanov P, Lorusso G, O'Donnell D & Schr?der C (2023) A new avenue in the search for CP violation: M?ssbauer spectroscopy of 227Ac. European Physical Journal A: Hadrons and Nuclei.
Article
Assessment tools used in adult safeguarding practice within the UK and Ireland: results from a small-scale qualitative study
Doyle L, Montgomery L, Donnelly S, Mackay K & Penhale B (2023) Assessment tools used in adult safeguarding practice within the UK and Ireland: results from a small-scale qualitative study. The Journal of Adult Protection, 25 (2), pp. 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/jap-10-2022-0021
Article
Scottish Landform Example: subaqueous moraines around the Summer Isles and in the approaches to Loch Broom (Wester Ross Marine Protected Area)
Bradwell T & Stoker M (2023) Scottish Landform Example: subaqueous moraines around the Summer Isles and in the approaches to Loch Broom (Wester Ross Marine Protected Area). Scottish Geographical Journal, 139 (1-2), pp. 20-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2023.2226452
Conference Paper (unpublished)
“But one of the best things is, I don’t feel so bound”: how a specialised youth work model can support children affected by domestic abuse.
Bellussi L (2023) “But one of the best things is, I don’t feel so bound”: how a specialised youth work model can support children affected by domestic abuse.. Alexander J (Research Group), Plumpton J (Research Group) & Callaghan J (Research Group) ECDV Reykjavik 2023; Edinburgh Community Psychology Festival 2023., 01.04.2023.
Research Report
Understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s access and attitudes to contraception in England
Ford A, McMillan L, Gadsby E, Howell R, Ussher M & Hunt K (2023) Understanding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s access and attitudes to contraception in England. National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Policy Research Unit.
Thesis
Lawful Sovereignty: The Political Criminalisation and Decriminalisation of Jacobitism, 1688–1788
Cunningham CE (2023) Lawful Sovereignty: The Political Criminalisation and Decriminalisation of Jacobitism, 1688–1788. Doctor of Philosophy. The 我要吃瓜. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/35462
Book Chapter
Introduction: Alasdair Ross and the Environmental History of Medieval and Early Modern Scotland
Oram R (2023) Introduction: Alasdair Ross and the Environmental History of Medieval and Early Modern Scotland. In: Oram R (ed.) 'With Our Backs to the Ocean': Land, Lordship, Climate and Environmental Change in the North-West European Past. Essays in Memory of Alasdair Ross. 1st ed. Environmental Histories of the North Atlantic World, 5. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 1-14. https://www.brepols.net/products/IS-9782503596990-1
Article
A balancing act: principles, criteria and indicator framework to operationalize social-ecological resilience of forests
Nikinmaa L, Lindner M, Cantarello E, Gardiner B, Bredahl Jacobsen J, Jump AS, Parra C, Plieninger T, Schuck A, Seidl R, Timberlake T, Waring K, Winkel G & Muys B (2023) A balancing act: principles, criteria and indicator framework to operationalize social-ecological resilience of forests. Journal of Environmental Management, 331, Art. No.: 117039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117039
Book Chapter
'Away was sons of alle and brede': the decline of the medieval climate anomaly and the myth of the Alexandrian Golden Age in Scotland
Oram R (2023) ‘Away was sons of alle and brede’: the decline of the medieval climate anomaly and the myth of the Alexandrian Golden Age in Scotland. In: Oram R (ed.) 'With Our Backs to the Ocean': Land, Lordship, Climate and Environmental Change in the North-West European Past. Essays in Memory of Alasdair Ross. 1st ed. Environmental Histories of the North Atlantic World, 5. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 83-107. https://www.brepols.net/products/IS-9782503596990-1
Article
Airborne Drones for Water Quality Mapping in Inland, Transitional and Coastal Waters-MapEO Water Data Processing and Validation
De Keukelaere L, Moelans R, Knaeps E, Sterckx S, Reusen I, De Munck D, Simis SGH, Constantinescu AM, Scrieciu A, Katsouras G, Mertens W, Hunter PD, Spyrakos E & Tyler A (2023) Airborne Drones for Water Quality Mapping in Inland, Transitional and Coastal Waters-MapEO Water Data Processing and Validation. Remote Sensing, 15 (5), Art. No.: 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051345
Article
Neurodivergence‐informed therapy
Chapman R & Botha M (2023) Neurodivergence‐informed therapy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 65 (3), pp. 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15384
Research Report
Evaluation of the Digital Lifelines Scotland Programme
Matheson C, Daneshvar H, Carver H, Strachan G, Greenhalgh J & Schofield J (2023) Evaluation of the Digital Lifelines Scotland Programme. dy Scottish Government. Edinburgh. https://digitallifelines.scot/media/1217/digital-lifelines-scotland-evaluation-march-2023.pdf